課程資訊
課程名稱
 比較哲學：理論
Comparative Philosophy: Theory 
開課學期
 108-1 
授課對象
 文學院  哲學研究所  
授課教師
 柏嘯虎 
課號
 Phl7799 
課程識別碼
 124EM7960 
班次
  
學分
 3.0 
全/半年
 半年 
必/選修
 選修 
上課時間
 星期三8,9,10(15:30~18:20) 
上課地點
 哲研討室一 
備註
 本課程以英語授課。E領域。
總人數上限：20人 
  
課程簡介影片
 
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課程概述

「比較哲學—理論」是關於比較哲學方法與方法論的課程。方法論是研究方法的可應用性以及局限性。在比較哲學方法論的範圍內，我們將關注跨語言和跨文化，以此來比较研究頗複雜概念的可能性與局限性。我們會探討文化與語言的可通約性、詮釋學以及相對論。方法上，我們將學習如何運用参考和詮釋當代思維習慣之外的哲學思想，探討有關概念和語言譜系，通過比較不同起源思想的相似性，並學習其中的有效方法。 

課程目標
 本課程目標是讓學生理解比較哲學領域的相關議題與辯論，比如：比較哲學的範圍；詮釋性和建構性的比較；傳統與文化；語言上的、基礎性的以及價值判斷上的可通約性與非可通約性；片面性；通性論與要素性論；普遍性主義；多元性主義；共識以及全球哲學。進一步理解比較哲學的基本方法，比如：如何處理非當代哲學概念與語義網路；如何處理翻譯著作；如何比較跨時代與跨文化的哲學概念。 
課程要求
 The requirements for this course consist of two 2 – 3,000 word term papers, each accounting for 40% of your overall grade. Further, you are required to participate in class, which will be measured by a short writing that you submit online before class every day. Graded pass/fail, 10 daily assignments graded "pass" constitute full credit, worth a total of 20% of your overall grade. Students are, of course, also expected to read the assigned readings prior to class. Not all readings listed for a day will be assigned to every student. Although in the online system papers are worth 100 points each and daily assignments worth 10 points each, points are not equivalent. Calculations are performed according to percentages. 
預期每週課後學習時數
  
Office Hours
  
指定閱讀
 1. Connolly, Tim. Doing Philosophy Comparatively (DPC). Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.
2. Coursepack provided by professor
 
參考書目
 Chapter 1
Allinson, Robert E. "The Myth of Comparative Philosophy or the Comparative Philosophy Malgré Lui." In Bo Mou, ed., Two Roads to Wisdom? Chinese and Analytic Philosophical Traditions, 269-91. Chicago: Open Court, 2001.
Defoort, Carine. "Is There Such a Thing as Chinese Philosophy? Arguments of an Implicit Debate." Philosophy East and West 51, no. 3 (2001): 393-413.
Lloyd, G. E. R. "What is Philosophy?" In G. E. R. Lloyd, ed., Disciplines in the making: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Elites, Learning, and Innovation, 5-27. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Krishna, Daya. "Comparative Philosophy: What It Is and What It Ought to Be." In Gerald James Larson and Eliot Deutsch, eds., Interpreting across Boundaries: New Essays in Comparative Philosophy, 71-83. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.
Chapter 2
Cline, Erin. "Methods in Comparative Work." In Erin Cline, Confucius, Rawls, and the Sense of Justice, 28-47. New York: Fordham University Press, 2012.
Garfield, Jay. "Two Truths and Method." Unpublished. https://jaygarfield.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/garfield_two_truths1.pdf
Struhl, Karsten J. "No (More) Philosophy without Cross-Cultural Philosophy." Philosophy Compass 5/4 (2010): 287–295.
Taylor, Charles. "Understanding the Other: A Gadamerian View on Conceptual Schemes." In Dilemmas and Connections: Selected Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.
Chapter 3
Hansen, Chad, "The Normative Impact of Confucian Ethics: Human Rights." In Kwong-loi Shun and David B. Wong, eds., Confucian Ethics: A Comparative Study of Self, Autonomy, and Community, 75-99. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Ikuenobe, Polycarp. "The Parochial Universalist Conception of 'Philosophy' and 'African Philosophy.'" Philosophy East and West 47, no. 2 (1997): 189-210.
Ivanhoe, Philip J. "Moral Tradition Respect." In Chris Fraser, Dan Robins, & Timothy O'Leary, eds., Ethics in Early China: An Anthology, 161-173. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2011.
MacIntyre, Alasdair. "The Virtues, the Unity of a Human Life and the Concept of a Tradition." In After Virtue: A Study of Moral Theory, 3rd Edition, 204-225. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007.
Chapter 4
Davidson, Donald. "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme." Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 47 (1973-1974): 5-20.
Graham, A. C. "The Relation of Chinese Thought to the Chinese Language." In Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China, 389-428. LaSalle, IL: Open Court, 1991.
Kunh, Thomas S. "The Resolution of Revolutions." In The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd Edition, 144-159. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
MacIntyre, Alasdair. "Tradition and Translation." In Whose Justice? Which Rationality?, 370-388. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.
Chapter 5
Doris, John M. and Alexandra Plakias. "How to Argue about Disagreement: Evaluative Diversity and Moral Realism." In Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, ed. Moral Psychology: The Cognitive Science of Morality: Intuition and Diversity, Vol. 2, 303-331. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008.
Moody-Adams, Michele M. "Taking Disagreement Seriously." In Fieldwork in Familiar Places: Morality, Culture, and Philosophy, 13-60. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Winch, Peter. "Understanding a Primitive Society." American Philosophical Quarterly 1, no. 4 (Oct. 1964): 307-324.
Wong, David B. "Three Kinds of Incommensurability." In Michael Krausz, ed., Relativism: Interpretation and Confrontation, 140-158. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1989.
Chapter 6
Clarke, J. J. "Orientations: The Issues." In Oriental Enlightenment: The Encounter between Asian and Western Thought, 3-34. London: Routledge, 1997.
Shun, Kwong-Loi. "Studying Confucian and Comparative Ethics: Methodological Reflections." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 36 (2009): 455-478.
Tuck, Andrew P. "The Philosophy of Scholarship." In Comparative Philosophy and the Philosophy of Scholarship: On the Western Interpretation of Nāgārjuna, 3-30. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Wiredu, Kwasi. "Toward Decolonizing African Philosophy and Religion." African Studies Quarterly 1, no. 4 (1998): 17-46.
Chapter 7
Ames, Roger T. "The Necessity of Informed Generalizations in Making Cultural Comparisons." In Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary, 20-35. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2011.
Nisbett, Richard E. "'Eyes in Back of Your Head' or 'Keep Your Eye on the Ball'?" and "'The Bad Seed' or 'The Other Boys Made Him Do It'?" and "Is the World Made up of Nouns or Verbs?" and "'Ce N'est Pas Logique' or 'You've Got a Point There'?" In The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently… and Why, 79-190. New York: The Free Press, 2003.
Oyserman, Daphna, Heather M. Coon, and Markus Kemmelmeier. "Rethinking Individualism and Collectivism: Evaluation of Theoretical Assumptions and Meta-Analysis." Psychological Bulletin 128, no. 1 (2002): 3-72.
Slingerland, Edward. "Body and Mind in Early China: An Integrated Humanities-Science Approach." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 81, no. 1 (March, 2013): 6-55.
Chapter 8
Nussbaum, Martha C. "Non-Relative Virtues: An Aristotelian Approach." Midwest Studies in Philosophy 13 (1988): 32-53.
Roetz, Heiner. "Methodological Considerations: A Universalistic Heuristic of Enlightenment." In Confucian Ethics of the Axial Age: A Reconstruction under the Aspect of the Breakthrough toward Postconventional Thinking, 23-32. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993.
Wiredu, Kwasi. "Are There Cultural Universals?" In Cultural Universals and Particulars: An African Perspective, 21-33. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1996.
Zhao, Dunhua. Xiahua Yang and Dunhua Zhao, trans. "A Defense of Universalism: With a Critique of Particularism in Chinese Culture." Frontiers of Philosophy in China 4, no. 1 (2009): 116-129.
Chapter 9
Houtondji, Paulin J. Henri Evans and Jonathan Rée, trans. "True and False Pluralism." In African Philosophy: Myth and Reality, 2nd Edition, 156-169. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1996.
Ivanhoe, Philip J. "Pluralism, Toleration, and Ethical Promiscuity." Journal of Religious Ethics 37, no. 2 (Jun., 2009): 311:329.
Wong, David B. "Pluralism and Ambivalence." In Natural Moralities: A Defense of Pluralistic Relativism, 5-28. Cary, NC: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Chapter 10
The Executive Board, American Anthropological Association. "Statement on Human Rights." American Anthropologist, New Series 40, no. 1, Part 1 (Oct.-Dec., 1947): 539-543.
Parekh, Bhikku. "Non-Ethnocentric Universalism." In Tim Dunne and Nicholas J. Wheeler, eds., Human Rights in Global Politics, 128-159. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Rawls, John. "The Idea of an Overlapping Consensus." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 7, no. 1 (Spring, 1987): 1-25.
Taylor, Charles. "Conditions of an Unforced Consensus on Human Rights." In Joanne R. Bauer and Daniel A. Bell, eds., The East Asian Challenge for Human Rights, 124-144. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
United Nations General Assembly. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights." 1948. https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights
Chapter 11
Brooks, Thom. "How Global Is Global Justice? Towards a Global Philosophy." In Thom Brooks, ed., New Waves in Global Justice, 229-245. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2014.
Flanagan, Owen. The Boddhisattva's Brain: Buddhism Naturalized. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011.
Siderits, Mark. "Comparison or Confluence Philosophy?" In Jonardon Ganeri, ed., Oxford Handbook of Indian Philosophy. www.oxfordhandbooks.com
 
評量方式
(僅供參考)
  
No.
項目
百分比
說明
1. 
 two term papers 
80% 
  
2. 
 daily assignments 
20% 
  
 
課程進度
週次
日期
單元主題
第1週
 9/11  Welcome!
• CTP: Get familiar with coursepack
• MP: Get familiar with the general layout and contents of the book
 
第2週
 9/18  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 1
• Coursepack: Allinson, The Myth of Comparative Philosophy; Defoort, Is There Such a Thing as Comparative Philosophy
 
第3週
 9/25  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 1
• Coursepack: Lloyd, What is Philosophy; Krishna, Comparative Philosophy
 
第4週
 10/02  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 2
• Coursepack: Cline, Why Compare; Garfield, Two Truths and Method； Struhl, No (More) Philosophy without Comparative Philosophy; Taylor, Understanding the Other
 
第5週
 10/09  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 3
• Coursepack: Hansen, The Normative Impact of Confucian Ethics; Ikuenobe, The Parochial Universalist Conception of Philosophy in African Philosophy; Ivanhoe, Moral Tradition Respect; MacIntyre, After Virtue Chapter 15 
第6週
 10/16  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 4
• Coursepack: Davidson, On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme; Graham, The Relation of Chinese Thought to the Chinese Language; Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolution Chapter 12; MacIntyre, Tradition and Translation 
第7週
 10/23  DISCUSS PAPER TOPICS
 
第8週
 10/30  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 5
• Coursepack: Doris & Plakias, How to Argue about Disagreement; Moody-Adams, Taking Disagreements Seriously; Winch, Understanding a Primitive Society; Wong, Three Kinds of Incommensurability 
第9週
 11/06  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 6
• Coursepack: Clarke, Introduction to Oriental Enlightenment; Shun, Studying Confucian and Comparative Ethics; Tuck, The Philosophy of Scholarship; Wiredu, Toward Decolonizing African Philosophy and Religion
 
第10週
 11/13  PAPER #1 DUE, PRESENT SUMMARY
 
第11週
 11/20  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 7
• Coursepack: Ames, The Necessity of Informed Generalizations in Making Cultural Comparisons; Nisbett, The Geography of Thought; Oyserman, Rethinking Individualism and Collectivism; Slingerland, Body and Mind in Early China 
第12週
 11/27  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 8
• Coursepack: Nussbaum, Non-Relative Virtues; Roetz, Confucian Ethics in the Axial Age; Wiredu, Are There Cultural Universals; Zhao, A Defense of Universalism 
第13週
 12/04  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 9
• Coursepack: Houtondji, True and False Pluralism; Ivanhoe, Pluralism, Toleration, and Ethical Promiscuity; Wong, Pluralism and Ambivalence
 
第14週
 12/11  DISCUSS PAPER TOPICS
 
第15週
 12/18  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 10
• Coursepack: AAA, Statement on Human Rights; Parekh, Non-Ethnocentric Universalism; Rawls, The Idea of an Overlapping Consensus; Taylor, Conditions of an Unforced Consensus on Human Rights; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 
第16週
 12/25  Readings:
• DPC: Chapter 11
• Coursepack: Brooks, How Global is Global Justice; Flanagan, The Boddhisattva's Brain; Siderits, Comparison or Confluence
 
第17週
 1/01  HOLIDAY
 
第18週
 1/08  PAPER #2 DUE, PRESENT SUMMARY